両耳分離聴法による空主語判定プロセスの分析
On the real-time processing of empty subjects in Japanese using a dichotic-listening method
織田 潤里 ODA Junri・二瀬 由理 NINOSE Yuri・榊 祐子 SAKAKI Yuko・行場 次朗 GYOBA Jiro・坂本 勉 SAKAMOTO Tsutomu
Vol.4, No.2 (June 1997), pp.58-63.
Received 1996/10/31, accepted 1997/5/7.
ABSTRACT:
In a ``subject-oriented sentence" such as ``Taroo-ga Hanako-ni
Tokyo-e iku koto-o hakuzyoosita (Taroo confessed to Hanako to go
to Tokyo)",the person who will go to Tokyo is ``Taroo". On the
other hand,in an ``object-oriented sentence" such as ``Taroo-ga
Hanako-ni Tokyo-e iku koto-o meireisita (Taroo ordered to Hanako
to go to Tokyo)",``Hanako" will go to Tokyo. In the above examples,
the main clause verb's location at the end of sentence causes a
tentative ambiguity which is not resolved until this verb becomes
available to the human sentence processing mechanism (i.e.,a
``parser"). How does the parser deal with this informationally
ambiguous situation? More specifically,is the processing
procedure ``top-down" or ``bottom-up"? We report the results of
an experiment using a dichotic-listening method,examining the
real-time processing of sentences. A sentence was presented to
one ear of a subject,and after the offset of the sentence,a
possible antecedent for the empty subject (i.e.,either the
subject or the object of the main clause) was given to the other
ear. There were 6 test points with 300msec intervals. The
subject's task was to answer whether the given antecedent
would really go to Tokyo or not,by pressing the yes- or
no-key as quickly as possible. In the case of 'yes' responses,
at 0msec ISI,the mean RT in the subject-oriented sentences was
significantly shorter than that in the object-oriented sentences.
In the case of 'no' responses,only the effect of ISI was
statistically significant,showing that the RTs became shorter,
and overlapped with those of 'yes' responses beyond 900msec ISI.
These results suggest that the human parser assumes that the
main clause subject is the default antecedent for the empty subject
of a subordinate clause. This initial ``top-down" assumption seems to
be suppressed by a ``bottom-up" process by 900msec after
the end of the sentence.
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